力矩電機(ji)調(diao)速(su)一般采用改變電機(ji)的(de)極數、電壓、電流和頻(pin)率的(de)方法，來改變電機(ji)的(de)轉速(su)，使(shi)電機(ji)能達(da)到(dao)更高的(de)性能的(de)電機(ji)，力矩電機的調速方法有哪些呢？

　　一、變(bian)(bian)極對數調節法：這種調節方(fang)法是通過改(gai)變(bian)(bian)紅(hong)色(se)的(de)(de)定子(zi)繞組方(fang)式來(lai)(lai)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)籠型電機的(de)(de)極對數來(lai)(lai)達到調節的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

　　二、變頻(pin)調節(jie)是改變電機定子電源的(de)頻(pin)率，因此改變其同步調節(jie)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)。變頻(pin)調節(jie)系統(tong)主要是設備提供的(de)變頻(pin)電源變流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)，變流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)可分為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)、直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)、交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)和AC-AC變流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)兩大(da)類(lei)，目前國內使(shi)用最多的(de)是交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)和直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)。

　　三、串級(ji)(ji)調(diao)節(jie)方(fang)(fang)法：串級(ji)(ji)調(diao)節(jie)法是指(zhi)在繞組線電(dian)機轉子(zi)環上附加(jia)可調(diao)電(dian)勢(shi)來改(gai)變電(dian)機的轉差(cha)率，達到調(diao)節(jie)的目的。大部分(fen)的差(cha)動(dong)功率被輸入的額(e)(e)外電(dian)勢(shi)吸收，然后這(zhe)些(xie)電(dian)勢(shi)被用(yong)來產生額(e)(e)外的設備(bei)，這(zhe)些(xie)設備(bei)將吸收的差(cha)動(dong)功率返回到電(dian)網或(huo)轉換為使用(yong)的能量(liang)。根據功率吸收和利用(yong)的方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，串級(ji)(ji)調(diao)節(jie)可分(fen)為電(dian)動(dong)機串級(ji)(ji)調(diao)節(jie)、機械(xie)串級(ji)(ji)調(diao)節(jie)和晶閘(zha)管串級(ji)(ji)調(diao)節(jie)。

　　四、采用直線電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉子串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)阻調(diao)節(jie)的(de)方法(fa)(fa)：繞制(zhi)異步電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉子串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)阻，使電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉差(cha)率(lv)增大(da)，使電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在較低的(de)轉速下(xia)運行。串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)阻越大(da)，電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)的(de)速度越低。該方法(fa)(fa)設備簡單，控(kong)制(zhi)方便(bian)，但差(cha)動功率(lv)以加(jia)熱的(de)形式消(xiao)耗在電(dian)(dian)阻上。級數調(diao)節(jie)，機(ji)(ji)械特點低。

　　五、定子(zi)電(dian)(dian)壓調節(jie)(jie)(jie)方法：當(dang)改變電(dian)(dian)機(ji)定子(zi)電(dian)(dian)壓時，可以(yi)得到(dao)一組有著不(bu)同機(ji)械特點(dian)的(de)曲線，因此(ci)得到(dao)不(bu)同的(de)轉速。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)力矩(ju)與電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)平(ping)方成正(zheng)比，大(da)(da)力矩(ju)減小很多，調節(jie)(jie)(jie)范(fan)圍(wei)小，使得一般的(de)籠式(shi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)難(nan)以(yi)應(ying)用。以(yi)便擴大(da)(da)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)范(fan)圍(wei)，調節(jie)(jie)(jie)應(ying)采用轉子(zi)電(dian)(dian)阻值較大(da)(da)的(de)籠式(shi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，如力矩(ju)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)調速，或(huo)在繞線式(shi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)上采用一系列(lie)的(de)頻(pin)敏電(dian)(dian)阻。以(yi)便擴大(da)(da)穩(wen)定運行(xing)范(fan)圍(wei)，當(dang)轉速調節(jie)(jie)(jie)超(chao)過2:1時，應(ying)采用反饋控制，達(da)到(dao)自動調節(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)目的(de)。

　　調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)電(dian)壓和(he)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)速度(du)的主要(yao)裝置是提供電(dian)壓變化的電(dian)源。目前常用的調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)方式有(you)串聯飽和(he)電(dian)抗器(qi)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)、自耦變壓器(qi)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)和(he)晶閘管調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)。首選晶閘管調(diao)(diao)壓方式。

　　六、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)調(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)方法：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)調(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)由(you)籠式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩離合(he)(he)器和(he)(he)(he)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源（控制器）組(zu)成。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)功(gong)率小，通(tong)(tong)(tong)常由(you)單相(xiang)半波或全波晶閘(zha)管整(zheng)流(liu)器組(zu)成。改變晶閘(zha)管的導(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)角可以改變激勵(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩離合(he)(he)器由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極和(he)(he)(he)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞組(zu)組(zu)成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)后者沒有機(ji)(ji)械連接，都能自由(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子之(zhi)間的同軸(zhou)連接稱(cheng)為(wei)主動(dong)部(bu)分，它是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)的。磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極通(tong)(tong)(tong)過聯軸(zhou)器與負(fu)載軸(zhou)連接，稱(cheng)為(wei)驅(qu)動(dong)部(bu)件。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極均(jun)為(wei)靜止時(shi)，當(dang)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞組(zu)為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下時(shi)，沿氣隙(xi)圓周表面(mian)會(hui)形成數對N極和(he)(he)(he)S極*,其磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)將通(tong)(tong)(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時(shi)，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極之(zhi)間的相(xiang)對運動(dong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)感應產(chan)生渦流(liu)，這與磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)產(chan)生轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩，驅(qu)動(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極的旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方向相(xiang)同，但(dan)它的速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度總是低于N1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度，這是一種(zhong)滑動(dong)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度調(diao)節模式。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過改變離合(he)(he)器的直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，可以改變離合(he)(he)器的輸出轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩和(he)(he)(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)。

　　七、液(ye)(ye)壓偶(ou)合(he)器(qi)(qi)是一種液(ye)(ye)壓傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)，一般由泵(beng)輪(lun)和水輪(lun)機(ji)組成，它(ta)們(men)統(tong)稱(cheng)為工(gong)作輪(lun)，置(zhi)于密封殼內(nei)。殼內(nei)充(chong)(chong)入(ru)一定量的(de)(de)工(gong)作液(ye)(ye)體(ti)。當(dang)泵(beng)輪(lun)在原動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)旋轉(zhuan)時，泵(beng)輪(lun)內(nei)的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)由葉(xie)片(pian)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)旋轉(zhuan)。在離心力(li)的(de)(de)作用下(xia)，當(dang)它(ta)沿泵(beng)輪(lun)外圈進入(ru)渦(wo)輪(lun)時，它(ta)將推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)渦(wo)輪(lun)葉(xie)片(pian)上的(de)(de)聯合(he)轉(zhuan)向，帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)生產機(ji)的(de)(de)運轉(zhuan)。液(ye)(ye)力(li)耦合(he)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)功率(lv)傳遞能力(li)與殼體(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)相對充(chong)(chong)液(ye)(ye)量一致。在工(gong)作過程中，通(tong)過改變充(chong)(chong)注率(lv)可以使耦合(he)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)渦(wo)輪(lun)轉(zhuan)速(su)變為無級調(diao)速(su)。