直線電機的(de)結(jie)構包括直線運(yun)動的(de)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)、執行(xing)機構和支撐，為了能提高在形成(cheng)(cheng)范圍內定(ding)(ding)子(zi)與執行(xing)器之間有良好(hao)的(de)電磁場耦合，定(ding)(ding)子(zi)與執行(xing)器采用(yong)不同長度的(de)鐵芯。定(ding)(ding)子(zi)的(de)這(zhe)兩種結(jie)構的(de)動子(zi)和定(ding)(ding)子(zi)的(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)。由(you)于長定(ding)(ding)子(zi)結(jie)構成(cheng)(cheng)本相(xiang)(xiang)對較高，所(suo)以使(shi)用(yong)較少。表明直線電機與旋轉電機相(xiang)(xiang)同，定(ding)(ding)子(zi)鐵芯也是由(you)鋼片，表層(ceng)覆蓋有凹槽，內嵌有三相(xiang)(xiang)、兩相(xiang)(xiang)或者(zhe)單相(xiang)(xiang)繞組電阻(zu)，單相(xiang)(xiang)并聯異(yi)步電動機可制成(cheng)(cheng)罩極式(shi)，也可基于電容移相(xiang)(xiang)。

 在(zai)直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機(ji)中，電機(ji)的定子旋轉(zhuan)，稱(cheng)為(wei)初級(ji)，等于電機(ji)的轉(zhuan)子，叫次(ci)級(ji)，次(ci)級(ji)電機(ji)在(zai)電磁力的作用(yong)下作直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)運(yun)動。如果(guo)初級(ji)做的很(hen)長，延長到運(yun)動所需(xu)要的位置，而次(ci)級(ji)就不需(xu)要那么長。

 并聯電機動子(zi)(zi)，直流電動機定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)運行時，靜止部分稱為定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)，與(yu)旋轉電機的(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)相等，稱為初級。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)由定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)鐵芯、定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞組(zu)電阻和(he)機構組(zu)成。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)的(de)主要作用是產生(sheng)一(yi)個旋轉的(de)磁場，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在外(wai)殼上。

 直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)動子，在直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的運行中(zhong)，只有執(zhi)行器由(you)兩(liang)個磁(ci)軌中(zhong)間的導軌系統支撐，用環氧材(cai)料將(jiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)壓在一起。電(dian)機(ji)(ji)執(zhi)行器包(bao)(bao)括線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)繞組(zu)電(dian)阻、霍(huo)爾元件(jian)電(dian)路(lu)板(ban)、溫度調節(jie)器和電(dian)子連(lian)接器。執(zhi)行器為(wei)非鋼(gang)結構(gou)，這意味著磁(ci)軌和推力線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)之(zhi)間沒(mei)有干擾。非鋼(gang)卷組(zu)件(jian)，慣(guan)性(xing)小，加速度高。線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)一般為(wei)三相、無(wu)刷(shua)換向(xiang)。直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)移動器在由(you)導軌系統支撐的兩(liang)條磁(ci)軌之(zhi)間來回移動。采用環氧樹脂原料將(jiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)壓緊。電(dian)機(ji)(ji)執(zhi)行器包(bao)(bao)括線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、繞組(zu)電(dian)阻、霍(huo)爾元件(jian)、線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)板(ban)等。

 在某些(xie)實際(ji)應用(yong)過程中，直線(xian)電機的定(ding)子(zi)(zi)與動子(zi)(zi)是可(ke)以互(hu)換的，動子(zi)(zi)作定(ding)子(zi)(zi)，定(ding)子(zi)(zi)作動子(zi)(zi)，沒(mei)有實際(ji)使用(yong)，對區(qu)域環境和(he)特殊要求是不(bu)一樣的。