直線電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)理相(xiang)似，只(zhi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)圓柱面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)展開，類型是一樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，如直流直線電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、交流感應(ying)異步(bu)(bu)直線電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、步(bu)(bu)進直線電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等。像無(wu)刷旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一樣(yang)，執行(xing)器(qi)和(he)(he)定子沒有機(ji)(ji)(ji)械連接(jie)。直線電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使用(yong)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)(he)可編程配置(zhi)作(zuo)為旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。直線電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)可以(yi)是平面(mian)和(he)(he)U型槽，也可以(yi)是管狀(zhuang)，其結構適(shi)合(he)實際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格和(he)(he)運行(xing)環境(jing)。

 直線步進電機的分類：

 直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)一般分為直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)磁阻電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)同(tong)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，但各(ge)種(zhong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的發展(zhan)并(bing)不平衡(heng)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)伺服系統驅動(dong)的電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有永(yong)磁直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)感應電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。永(yong)磁直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)感應電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)各(ge)有優缺點。

 永(yong)磁直線電機(ji)的(de)優勢在于單位尺(chi)寸的(de)輸(shu)出量較大，加熱少，冷卻(que)(que)要求低，長次級不需要冷卻(que)(que)。目(mu)前存在的(de)問題永(yong)磁體(ti)產生的(de)強(qiang)磁場(chang)使其安裝和操(cao)作困難(nan)，永(yong)磁磁場(chang)會會鐵屑，在實際(ji)加工過程中很難(nan)排除。電機(ji)必須密封(feng)，防止鐵屑堵塞氣隙(xi)或(huo)進(jin)入副導軌中，需要位置傳感器來(lai)控制(zhi)電機(ji)的(de)電流(liu)換向(xiang)，永(yong)磁體(ti)可以退磁。

 直(zhi)線感應(ying)電(dian)機(ji)的優點是次(ci)級機(ji)構簡(jian)單，易于安裝、維護和拆卸。由于不使用(yong)貴的永(yong)磁體(ti)，因此可以(yi)在運輸(shu)設備等長距離應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)降低(di)成本(ben)。缺(que)點是采用(yong)電(dian)激磁，所以(yi)效率低(di)、發(fa)熱高，還需要二次(ci)冷(leng)卻，氣隙公差嚴格(ge)，通常只(zhi)有0.1mm,工藝差，加工成本(ben)高，該控(kong)制(zhi)算(suan)法(fa)比直(zhi)線永(yong)磁電(dian)機(ji)的控(kong)制(zhi)算(suan)法(fa)復(fu)雜得多。