直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機的測(ce)試(shi)由直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機測(ce)試(shi)系統完成。測(ce)試(shi)項目包括電機的輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)特性(xing)，如推(tui)力(li)、轉速、功率(lv)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)等(deng);輸(shu)(shu)入特性(xing)電壓、電流(liu)等(deng);過程(cheng)特性(xing)，如溫(wen)升(sheng)、推(tui)力(li)波動、控制精度等(deng)。是通過對各種參數(shu)的分析和(he)處理(li)獲得各種特性(xing)曲線(xian)(xian)、特性(xing)指標參數(shu)，通過技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求的比(bi)較輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)報(bao)告來完成測(ce)試(shi)工作(zuo)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機主要(yao)有參數(shu)如下:

 1、推重

 推重比是(shi)指直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)次(ci)質量(liang)與直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)(ji)峰值推力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比值。這(zhe)是(shi)單位(wei)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大推力。從牛頓第二(er)定律，可以判斷在(zai)認同比表明一個直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)速度(du)大小，是(shi)決(jue)定直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)(ji)整體(ti)性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要因(yin)素之一，對直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用和負載會有所(suo)影響，在(zai)高頻啟動和停止時對直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)速度(du)有嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。

 2、推力波(bo)動(dong)

 直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)通常是推(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)，是直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與旋(xuan)轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要區別(bie)之一。直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)因為(wei)原(yuan)理存(cun)在(zai)推(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)，且推(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)遠大(da)于旋(xuan)轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)轉矩(ju)波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)。推(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)對直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性(xing)不低于轉矩(ju)對旋(xuan)轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性(xing)。考(kao)慮到直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理、設計、制造、負載(zai)和干擾等原(yuan)因，直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)難以避免(mian)。推(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)能(neng)夠體現直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)穩運行。

 3、時間常數(shu)

 時(shi)間(jian)常數(shu)(shu)是代(dai)表電(dian)(dian)機動態(tai)性(xing)能的(de)重要因素(su)。電(dian)(dian)機輸入額定電(dian)(dian)壓后(hou)(hou)，因為電(dian)(dian)機繞組的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)感(gan)、分布和機械方(fang)面(mian)的(de)原因，電(dian)(dian)機難以瞬間(jian)達(da)到額定狀態(tai)(穩定狀態(tai))，而需要一段時(shi)間(jian)后(hou)(hou)后(hou)(hou)才(cai)能達(da)到，這才(cai)是時(shi)間(jian)常數(shu)(shu)。通過(guo)機電(dian)(dian)系統動態(tai)性(xing)能的(de)差異關鍵特性(xing)，將時(shi)間(jian)常數(shu)(shu)分為電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)常數(shu)(shu)和機電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)常數(shu)(shu)。

 依據國家標準(zhun)中機電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)常(chang)(chang)數的定義，機電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)常(chang)(chang)數是電(dian)機在空載工況下(xia)逐(zhu)級增加額定控制電(dian)壓(ya)，轉(zhuan)速從零(ling)上升到空載轉(zhuan)速的63.2%所需要的時(shi)間(jian)。電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)常(chang)(chang)數是電(dian)感與電(dian)阻的比率，它被用于(yu)電(dian)力系(xi)統變化速度的一個(ge)指標。

 4、推力線性

 因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)有推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)波動(dong)(dong)，當波動(dong)(dong)較(jiao)大時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)常常不能工作。推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)線(xian)性(xing)用來描述電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)有效工作區(qu)間(jian)，即波動(dong)(dong)較(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)間(jian)-線(xian)性(xing)區(qu)間(jian)。其實，推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)-電(dian)(dian)(dian)流比(bi)應該近似(si)恒定(ding)，直(zhi)到線(xian)圈磁(ci)通飽(bao)(bao)和(he)，稱為推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)波動(dong)(dong)指(zhi)數(shu)。推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)波動(dong)(dong)數(shu)值說明了電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與伺服驅動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)匹配性(xing)能和(he)直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)穩定(ding)性(xing)。該參數(shu)具體關注曲線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)拐點(dian)，即指(zhi)數(shu)伴(ban)隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)升高逐(zhu)漸減小，即磁(ci)通接近飽(bao)(bao)和(he)的(de)(de)(de)點(dian)，那(nei)也是測試和(he)評價的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)。并且也講述了在各個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流工況(kuang)下繞組加熱情況(kuang)以及溫度對電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。

 5、速度輸(shu)出線(xian)

 不同(tong)應用場合對直(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)有著(zhu)不同(tong)的(de)轉速要(yao)求。速度(du)-輸出(chu)(chu)線用作(zuo)測試直(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)在各個負載(zai)下的(de)運行速度(du)和(he)(he)電(dian)磁(ci)推力(額定、峰值)。理論上，轉速和(he)(he)推力是(shi)成反(fan)比的(de)(兩項的(de)乘積(ji)是(shi)一個定值，即電(dian)機(ji)工作(zuo)在定功率區域內)，即伴隨電(dian)機(ji)運行速度(du)的(de)增加，電(dian)機(ji)的(de)輸出(chu)(chu)會變(bian)小。