直線電機控制系統不但要性能良好的直線電機，要有在安全可靠的條件下達到技術經濟要求的控制系統。伴隨自動控制技術和微機技術的發展，直線電機的控制方法逐漸增多。直線電機控制系統的研究一般分為三個方面:一是傳統控制系統，二是當代控制系統，三是智能控制技術。

 傳統(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)如PID反饋控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和解(jie)耦控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)交流(liu)伺(si)服系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)獲得普遍(bian)使用。PID控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包含動態(tai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)過(guo)去、現在(zai)和未來信息(xi)，且(qie)組態(tai)幾乎是較好的(de)(de)，具有(you)較好的(de)(de)魯棒性，是交流(liu)伺(si)服電機驅動系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)最基本的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式。為了(le)提(ti)升控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果，常運用解(jie)耦控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和矢量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

 在電機確定、不(bu)變(bian)、線性、操(cao)作(zuo)條件(jian)和(he)操(cao)作(zuo)環(huan)境確定、不(bu)變(bian)的(de)(de)情況下，運(yun)(yun)用(yong)傳統(tong)化控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)是簡(jian)單有效的(de)(de)。但高精度微(wei)進給的(de)(de)高性能場合(he)，需要考慮對(dui)象結(jie)構(gou)和(he)參數的(de)(de)變(bian)化。避免各種(zhong)非(fei)線性影響、運(yun)(yun)行環(huan)境的(de)(de)變(bian)化、環(huan)境干擾等時變(bian)和(he)不(bu)確定因素(su)，擁有滿意(yi)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)效果。為(wei)此，目前控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)在直線伺服電機控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)研(yan)究中造(zao)成了(le)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)關注(zhu)。比較(jiao)常見(jian)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)有自適(shi)應控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、滑模變(bian)結(jie)構(gou)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、魯棒控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)智能控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。

 近些年(nian)來，模糊邏輯(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、神(shen)經網絡(luo)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)智(zhi)能控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法也被引入到直線電機驅動系統的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。現在目的是為(wei)了結合(he)邏輯(ji)、神(shen)經網絡(luo)、PID控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)現有(you)成熟的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法，相互學習，取長補短，以獲得更好的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性能。